THE IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES AND TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show the importance of respect of interculturality in tourism development. As tourism is the main source of intercultural contacts, education on cultural diversity needed to staff able to deal with current and future challenges of tourism in the country. Numerous studies showed Serbia is faced with a growing number of incoming travelers from different cultural backgrounds. Consequently, the need is greater awareness of cultural diversity. A number of higher education institutions in the world for many years involves intercultural courses in their programs to prepare employees in tourism for management and in providing tourist services which should be the practice in Serbia. Synergy between the development of higher education and the development of tourism is a natural, education of the cultural diversity is essential which will contribute to better relations with tourists and increase their satisfaction, thus will lead to the better positioning of Serbia as a tourist destination and its tourism development as well.
Downloads
References
Adler, P. S. (1975): The transition experience: an alternative view of culture shock, Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 15(4), 13–23.
Bartlett, C.A. & Ghoshal, S. (1989): Managing across Borders: The Transnational Solution, Harvard Bussiness School Press.
Bochner, S. (1982): Cultures In Contact, Oxford: Pergamon Press, Print.
Chambers, E. (1989): Tourism and culture, (ed.) Anthropological Research.
Chambers, E. (1997): Toursm and Culture, An Applied Perspective, State University of New York Press, Albany
Cox, H. & Blake, S. (1991): Managing cultural diversity: Implications for organizational competitiveness, Academy of Management Executive, 5(3), 45-46
Cvetkovski, T., Langović Milićević, A. & Cvetkovska Ocokoljić, V. (2014): Problemi upravljanja turističkom ponudom u Srbiji, Menadžment u hotelijerstvu i turizmu, 2(2), . 63-72.
Doherty, L., Klenert, A & Manfredi, S. (2007): Expanding into Asia: The human resource challenge, Tourism & Hospitality Research, 7(2), 109-121 56.
Fantini, A.E, AriasGalicia, F., & Guay, D. (2001): Globalisation and 21st century competencies: Challenges for North American Higher education, Consortium for Higher Education Collaboration Working Paper Series on Higher Education in Mexico, Canada and United States (Working Paper No. 11) Boulder: Weswtern Interstate Commission on Higher Education.
Furnham, A. & Bochner, S. (1986): Culture shock, Psychological reactions to unfamiliar, Methuen & Co. Ltd.
Furnham, A. (1984): Many sides of the coin: The psychology of money usage, Personality and individual Differences, 5 (5), 501-509.
Graburn, N. (1997): Contemporary Tourism: Student Papers from Berkeley, Special issue of Kroeber Anthropological Society Journal, 67-68.
Granburn, N. (1989): Tourism, the sacred Journey, Host and Guests, The Anthropology of Tourism, 2nd edu, University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, pp. 21-36
Granburn, N. (2001): Relation the Tourist, International Sociology 16, 147-158
Guanipa C. (1998): Culture Shock, San Diego State University. [http://edweb.sdsu.edu/people/CGuanipa/cultshok.htm].
Hadson, W. (2008): Alliance: World-wide, world-class, Frozen Food Age, 56(10), 34.
Hofstede, G. (1980): Culture's consequences, International differences in work-related values, Sage Publications, London.
Holaday, S. (2007): Diversity’s many faces, Food Service Director, 20, 22-26.
Hottola P. (2004): Culture Confusion. Intercultural Adaptation in Tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 31 (2), 447-466.
Hottola, P. (1999): The Intercultural Body,Tthe University of Joensuu, Finland
Langović Milićević A., Cvetkovski T., & Langović Z. (2015): New Directions in Human Resource Management, part of the second volume of the monograph: Management of Entrepreneurship in a Knowledge Based Economy - The Issue of Knowledge and Intellectual Capital Management, 183-191, Cracow University of Economics, Department of Organizational Behaviour, Cracow.
Langović Milićević A., Tomašević V. & Isaković S. (2014): The importance of successful project team communication in agribusiness, Ekonomika poljoprivrede - Economics of Agriculture, Institute of Agricultural Economics, Belgrade, Serbia, 61 (2), 367 -379.
Langović Milićević, A., Cvetkovski, T. & Langović, Z. (2012): Globalization and Interculturality in the Management of Business Systems,. Kultura i društveni razvoj, Megatrend univerzitet, Beograd, 39-47.
Langović Milićević, A., Cvetkovski, T. & Langović, Z. (2013): Menadžment i obrazovanje u uslovima globalizacije, HiT Menadžment, Vol. 1, br. 1, 67-73
Lim, E. & Noriega, N. (2007): The need for leadership support in cross-cultural diversity management in hospitality curriculums, Consortium Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 12(1), 65-74.
Maccannell, D. (1992): Empty meeting grounds, London: Routledge, 172-180.
Oberg, K. (1960): Culture Shock: Adjustment to New Cultural Environment, Practical Anthropology, 7, 177-182.
Pearce, L. P. (1982): Perceived changes in holiday destinations, Annals of Tourism Research
Pearce, P.L., (1998) The relationship between residents and tourists: The research literature and management directions. In W.F. Theobald (Ed.), Global Tourism, 2nd edn (pp. 129-149). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Pedersen, K. & A. Viken (1995). From Sami nomadism to global tourism. I M. F. Price (ed) People and Tourism in Fragile Environments (pp. 69–88).
Pederson, A.C. (1998): The process of connecting business relationships. Paper for the 8th , Nordic Workshop on Inter-Organizational Research, Arhus, Denmark.
Pizam, A. (1999): A Comprehensive Approach to Classifying Acts of Crime and Violence at Tourism Destinations, Journal of Travel Research , 38, 5-12.
Resinger & Turner (2003): A Cultural Analysis of Japanese Tourists: Chalenges for Torism Marketers, European Journal of Marketing, 33 (11/12), 1203-1227
Robinson, M. (1999): Cultural Conflicts in Tourism, Inevitability and Inequality, M. COBI Publishing.
Smalley, W. (1963): Culture shock, language shock, and the shock of self-discovery, Practical Anthropology , 10, 49–56.
Smith, V. L. (1989): Anfitriones e invitados, Madrid: Endymion.
Smith, V. L. (2008): Hosts and guests, the Anthropology of tourism. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1989. p. 1-17.
Terzi M. C. (2013): International Events: the impact of the conference location, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 73, 363 – 372.
United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), (2011): Tourism Towards 2030. Global Overrview, UNWTO General Assembly, 19th Session, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea, UNWTO: Madrid
UNWTO/WTTC (World Tourism Organization and World Travel & Tourism Council). 2012. The Impact of Visa Facilitation on Job Creation in the G20 Economies. Report prepared for the 4th T20 Ministers’ Meeting, Mexico, May 15–16, 2012. Madrid and London: UNWTO and WTTC.
Wearing, S. (2001): Volunteer tourism: Experiences that make a difference, Oxon: CABI Publishing.
Wong, K. C. (1991): The Style of Managing in a Multicultural Society – Singapore, McGraw hill, 78-94
